Given that the PVS is solely directed within the veins, harm to non-venous smooth tissues is avoided. Tissues like nerve, artery and lymphatic vessels are spared. Since June 1988 We now have applied the PVS technique as outpatient operation under nearby anaesthesia. Neither electrosurgery nor a suction equipment continues to https://www.sgvascularctr.com/understanding-venous-leak-treatment-in-singapore/